A Brief History of twentieth Century Technologies

Technology is the collective term for all the knowledge and skills required in the creation of new products or services, or in the successful accomplishment of goals, including scientific research. In its broadest sense technology refers to a set of practices and systems governed by the study of how things work, how they may be improved upon, or how they might be changed to match future needs. This study of how things work and why they do so gives rise to a wide variety of disciplines, including computer science, engineering, applied mathematics, and computer engineering. Within these disciplines are many subtopics that deal with particular industries, technology topics, or specific areas of human activity. A good example of such a subtopic is information technology. Information technology includes computer systems, data processing, network and storage technology, network architecture, and software engineering.

One important field of information technology is computer engineering, which seeks to create and use new information technology systems. One branch of this field is known as Information Technology Engineering, which seeks to solve problems more generally, rather than to solve technological issues in a specific industry. Another important area of this broad field is Information Technology Management, which seeks to ensure that existing technologies are continuously enhanced to allow companies to provide more services or enhance other aspects of their operations. Software engineering, on the other hand, deals more with the design and creation of new software systems than it does with their programming. Many different areas of it are open to both generalists and specialists, although the most typical roles are those of an IT manager, a software engineer, or a computer systems engineer. These professionals can be divided into two main categories: specialists and technologists.

Technologists usually design and operate the various components of modern day technology. They often specialize in a particular area of technology, working as the bridge between the various technologies that are used within a company and the more technical and scientific aspects of those technologies. While not all technologists complete a Ph.D. in computer science, many hold advanced degrees in related fields such as mathematics, physics, and engineering. Whereas an IT specialist designs and implements the various aspects of computer hardware, an IITian researches and develops software applications.